![]() ![]() Writing then became the basis of knowledge institutions such as libraries, schools, universities and scientific and disciplinary research. ![]() ![]() These uses supported the spread of these social activities, their associated knowledge, and the extension of centralized power. The earliest uses of writing in ancient Sumeria were to document agricultural produce and create contracts, but soon writing became used for purposes of finances, religion, government, and law. It is distinguished from proto-writing, which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes, making it more difficult or even impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance. True writing, in which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact utterance written down, is a later development. In the history of how writing systems have evolved in human civilizations, more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing, systems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols (symbols or letters that make remembering them easier). Writing systems are the foundation of literacy and literacy learning, with all the social and psychological consequences associated with literacy activities. The site remained an active “pagan” center throughout the 4th Century, however, and the Pythian Games (a predecessor to the Olympics today) continued to at least 424 AD.Īdded in the Rise and Fall expansion pack.Īdded in the Gathering Storm expansion pack.The history of writing traces the development of expressing language by systems of markings and how these markings were used for various purposes in different societies, thereby transforming social organization. The greatest structure was the stately temple to Apollo (of course), and it stayed standing until pulled down on orders from Theodosius I in 390 AD. The Oracle began operation as early as 1400 BC, and enjoyed a thriving business until Christianity arrived with the Romans. There a priestess known as the “Pythia” would – for suitable compensation – interpret dreams, commune with the gods while in a trance, and read the signs in the entrails of sacrificed animals (chickens for the cheap, or goats for those willing to pay more). Of all the places in ancient Greece where priestesses uttered prognostications, by far the most famous (and cryptic) was the Oracle at Delphi, a shrine to Apollo located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus. Note that the Oracle's bonus does not promote the generation of Great Writers, Artists, and Musicians in the Lavra. Overall, this is a solid wonder in the base game and an absolute powerhouse in the expansions, since its power suits every civilization for every victory path. The Faith discount is also a nice touch for civilizations with incentives to build a lot of Holy Sites, although this isn't the main reason you would build the Oracle. If you have Pingala with his Grants title in the city as well (which you absolutely should if you built the Oracle), every district will provide 6 Great Person points per turn before those given by buildings, which makes patronage of Great People easier than ever. A district without any buildings in it will normally give you 1 Great Person point of its respective type, which the Oracle effectively triples. The numbers on the Oracle are quite deceptive, and may not give you an accurate idea of its strength. The Oracle is a powerful generalist wonder that every civilization wants to build and exploit, maybe except for pure domination ones who can take it from its owner by force. Districts in this city provide +2 Great Person points of their type.Patronage of Great People costs 25% less Faith. ![]()
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